As January nears its end, Filipinos across the country are preparing for noticeably cooler days and nights. According to the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), the Northeast Monsoon — locally known as Amihan — is expected to intensify, bringing colder temperatures, gusty winds, and occasional rains to various parts of the Philippines.
This seasonal shift is not unusual, but every year, the arrival of stronger Amihan conditions sparks public interest and concern. From health precautions and energy consumption to agriculture and travel planning, cooler weather affects daily routines in more ways than one.
Understanding Amihan: The Northeast Monsoon Explained
The Philippines experiences two main monsoon seasons: the Southwest Monsoon (Habagat) and the Northeast Monsoon (Amihan). While Habagat brings heavy rains and humidity during mid-year months, Amihan dominates the climate from late October to March.
Amihan originates from cold air masses in mainland Asia. As these winds travel toward the Philippines, they bring cooler, drier air, especially to the eastern parts of the country. This results in lower temperatures, reduced humidity, and generally fair weather — except when cloud bands produce light rains.
PAGASA monitors these seasonal wind patterns closely, using satellite data and atmospheric models to predict shifts in temperature, wind speed, and rainfall distribution.
PAGASA’s Latest Advisory: Colder Days Ahead
As January draws to a close, PAGASA has indicated that the Northeast Monsoon is expected to strengthen. This means:
Cooler mornings and evenings
Increased wind speeds in coastal and mountainous areas
Occasional light rains in eastern regions
Rougher sea conditions in open waters
Metro Manila and nearby provinces may experience mild temperature drops, while northern Luzon and high-altitude areas like Baguio and Benguet can expect significantly colder conditions.
This pattern typically continues into February, making it the coldest part of the Philippine dry season.
Expected Temperature Ranges Across Regions
While the Philippines remains a tropical country, Amihan can make temperatures feel surprisingly chilly, especially at night.
Northern Luzon:
Mountain provinces may record temperatures dipping into the low teens (°C), with frost-like mornings in elevated communities.
Central Luzon and Metro Manila:
Cool breezes and nighttime temperatures dropping to the low 20s (°C), occasionally lower in open areas.
Visayas:
Mild cooling effect, with pleasant daytime weather and cooler nights.
Mindanao:
Minimal but noticeable cooling, especially in upland areas.
These temperature shifts are not extreme by global standards, but for Filipinos accustomed to warm climates, they can feel quite cold.
Why January is the Peak of Amihan Season
Climatologically, January and February represent the height of Northeast Monsoon activity. Cold air from continental Asia is strongest during this period, pushing winds across the South China Sea and Philippine Sea.
This explains why January often brings:
Crisp early mornings
Stronger wind chill
Clear skies in western regions
Cloudy and rainy weather in eastern coasts
It is also the season when many Filipinos enjoy traveling to colder destinations like Baguio, Tagaytay, and Sagada.
Health Tips: Staying Safe in Cooler Weather
Colder weather can impact health, especially among children, the elderly, and people with respiratory conditions.
Practical health precautions:
Wear layered clothing during early mornings and late evenings
Stay hydrated even if you feel less thirsty
Avoid sudden exposure to cold air after sweating
Keep indoor spaces ventilated but not overly drafty
Strengthen immunity through balanced nutrition
Respiratory infections such as colds, coughs, and flu-like illnesses become more common during Amihan season. Maintaining hygiene and rest is essential.
Impact on Energy Consumption
Cooler temperatures often reduce the use of air conditioners but increase reliance on electric fans or heaters in high-altitude areas.
Households may notice:
Slightly lower electricity bills in lowland cities
Higher energy use in mountain communities
Increased appliance use for hot beverages and cooking
For businesses, especially cafés and tourism establishments, cooler weather often increases customer foot traffic.
Effects on Agriculture and Food Supply
Amihan plays a crucial role in Philippine agriculture.
Positive effects:
Reduced pest activity
Favorable conditions for certain vegetables
Lower humidity helps crop storage
Potential challenges:
Strong winds damaging crops
Occasional drought conditions
Rough seas affecting fish supply
Farmers and fisherfolk closely follow PAGASA advisories to plan planting and fishing schedules accordingly.
Travel and Tourism During Amihan
Cooler temperatures make January a popular travel month. Domestic tourists flock to highland destinations, while beach resorts enjoy calmer waters on western coasts.
However, rough seas on eastern seaboards may lead to canceled boat trips and fishing suspensions. Travelers are advised to check PAGASA marine forecasts before heading out.
Sea Conditions and Maritime Warnings
Strengthened Northeast Monsoon winds can cause:
High waves along eastern coastlines
Strong gusts in open waters
Dangerous conditions for small fishing boats
PAGASA regularly issues gale warnings to help coastal communities avoid accidents at sea. Fisherfolk are encouraged to monitor local advisories.
Amihan and Aviation: Flight Considerations
Stronger winds and cloud formations may occasionally affect flight schedules. While major disruptions are rare, travelers should stay updated with airline advisories during peak monsoon weeks.
Climate Change and Shifting Weather Patterns
In recent years, climate change has influenced monsoon behavior worldwide. PAGASA has noted that:
Seasonal patterns may arrive earlier or later
Temperature extremes are becoming more frequent
Weather systems grow less predictable
This makes accurate forecasting and public awareness even more important.
Community Preparedness: What Local Governments Are Doing
Local government units (LGUs) coordinate with PAGASA to:
Disseminate weather bulletins
Prepare evacuation plans for coastal communities
Assist vulnerable populations in cold-prone areas
Community preparedness ensures minimal disruption and safer living conditions during peak Amihan weeks.
Simple Ways to Stay Comfortable During Amihan
Drink warm beverages
Keep blankets accessible
Adjust daily schedules to avoid coldest hours
Secure loose outdoor items against strong winds
Monitor weather updates daily
These small habits make a big difference in comfort and safety.
Looking Ahead: February and Beyond
PAGASA projects that Amihan conditions may persist through February, gradually weakening by March as the dry-hot season approaches.
By April, temperatures will climb again, transitioning toward the summer heat Filipinos know well.
